Sunday, September 8, 2019
Mobile tecnology services Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words
Mobile tecnology services - Assignment Example Vodafone Business Email, Windows Mobile Email and Blackberry from Vodafone provide business customers, ranging from small start-up companies to multinational corporates, with wireless access to their enterprise and internet based email. Vodafone live- Vodafone live! is our on-handset communications and multimedia portal, which gives you access to services like games, ringtones, news, sports and information. We are always enhancing and improving Vodafone live! to provide better and richer content and make it easier for you to access it. Vodafone live! is available over our 3G network, enabling far higher quality content and communication services, like news broadcasts, sports highlights, music videos and movie trailers. Content partners include Time Warner, News Corp, NBC, Universal and Sony. The 3G service also supports full-track music downloads. You can use your phone to listen to music, choosing from more than 750,000 music tracks to download. Agreements with Sony BMG Music Entertainment, EMI, Universal Music, Warner Music and independent music labels secure music from some of the world's greatest artists. Vodafone live! also includes useful information services for driving directions, train and flight times and much more. The full Vodafone live! service is included with the latest Vodafone live! mobile handsets. V Vodafone to Roll Out Advanced Customer Service Directly on the Handset- The SNAPin service enables customers to navigate an on-screen visual menu of options which customers can use to answer questions or solve their problems right on the handset. Customers also have the option to connect through to the call centre, bypassing traditional IVR menus, or to get an automatic response directly on their phone. The menu can be tailored according to the needs of different customers. Roper Mobile Technology Roper Mobile Technology is the leading provider of fully rugged, highly customizable computer solutions for challenging environments. Designed from the ground up, the Company's full line of rugged mobile computing solutions include lightweight handhelds, Tablets, Ultra Mobile PCs and fixed mount computers. Roper Mobile Technology provides Customer Services through contact of Technical Support inside the website as well as a form to be filled-up by customers known as Returend Materials Authorization (RMA) MYPORTAL EXCHANGE INC. Services Offered: MyGallery - Offers a unique service of creating your own online photo album so that you won't have to consume as much phone memory. If you're the type of person who loves taking picture of just about everything using (just about any form of device but specially) a mobile phone, then you have encountered problems with your phone memory not being enough. In that case, we have the perfect solution for you! MyGallery offers a unique service of creating our own online photo album so that you won't have to consume as much phone memory. With the lastess technology, it has become a lot easier to upload pictures and download them via the Internet or WAP-enabled phones. SchoolConnect- A product that make use of SMS messaging to utilize the network of parents and students and schools. It has a wide-range of service among which are message broadcasting for example sending out to registered parents that
Saturday, September 7, 2019
Active Listening Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1
Active Listening - Essay Example First, I asked for her suggestion about a convenient meeting place. We jointly chose the conference room because it was a neutral and comfortable meeting place. I arranged the chairs in the conversational angle of 45 degrees. I also made drinking water accessible to her in case she needed. Then, I assured her of her confidentiality and the ultimate goal of listening and never judging her. I then switched off my phone and requested her to do the same to limit interruptions. In addition, I made sure that no one interrupted our session in the conference room. She began narrating her experiences with alcohol. Mainly, she explained how it affected her work, relationships, and family time. I maintained an eye contact with the client, nodded and sometimes encouraged her to talk through further probing. Mrs. Hirst cried at some level demonstrating her inner pain about the issue. I responded well by allowing her to shade tears after which we proceeded with the conversation. After the narration, she asked for my assistance. Instead, I guided her to make a sound solution to her problem by asking about her feelings and what she considers useful (Hoppe, 2011). She promised to stop drinking but required some guidance. I recommended a rehabilitation plan for her. At the end, I reassured her and promised her the confidentiality. I also appreciated her bold decision to address the problem. In conclusion, the session was emotional. However, I applied active listening skills to demonstrate maturity and help the client. I also set up a convenient environment and encouraged the client to speak without interruptions. I believe it was the best session
Friday, September 6, 2019
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism Essay Example for Free
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism Essay Maximilian Carl Emil Weber (1864-1920) was a renowned German political economist whose works are still influential in the field to date. He is credited among the founder of the modern study of public administration and sociology. In his analysis on religion, Weber wrote an essay on The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism wherein he argued that religion has largely shaped the different cultures of the world, creating differences between the eastern and western cultures. It is religion, according to him, which brought about the spirit of capitalism and bureaucracy in the western political culture. Protestantism and capitalism are social aspects that intermingle at several places. Protestantism is often associated with revolution and anarchy. It refers to a form of Christian faith holding principals of reformation. Reformation is this context refers to the revolution in the Christian realm which happened ion the 16th century in protest against some principles of the Roman Catholic Church. The leaders of the reformation established the protestant movement to run parallel to the Roman Catholic Church. The term is not used in reference to any particular church, but for the group of churches excluding Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy.            Early Protestantism was characterized by the acceptance of the Christian holy book as the only source of absolute truth. They believe in universal priesthood and that faith is the only justification of one’s relationship in God. It is therefore a sin to doubt God and the provisions poof the Bible.            Capitalism on the other hand is an economic system that believes in the free market mode of business. A capitalist society is characterized by minimum state intervention in economic activities. Capitalists argue for the control of the economy being effected by market forces, where an entrepreneur engages in a capital investment to earn profits. Morality in such cases is relegated as the businessman is strictly after profits. In such a society, people should work extra hard to harness the benefits an economic venture.            There is however no society that can be fully capitalist. In all societies, the government has to intervene to inculcate an orderly environment for business to flourish. It has to create order where there is none, and establish a society of understanding, not the state of nature argued by Thomas Hobbes where life is short, brutish and involves a war of all against all. A capitalist system encourages hard work. Individuals are competing against themselves, and a social welfare tendency is mostly a marketing strategy.            The bible is clear in support of capitalism. In the parable of the servant who was reprimanded because he did not invest the shilling he was given, Christianity is clear that people should be hard working and invest more. The bible goes ahead to say that whoever dies not work should not eat. This is the spirit of capitalism based on the principle of toiling and consequences of laziness faced by individuals and not groups.            It is argued that the spirit of capitalism is deep rooted in Protestantism. Many of the clergy came from commercial circles. A large number of the adherents of Pietism are former commercial bigwigs, and the probability that they are going to frame the economic policies to suit the capitalist environment is very high. It is notable that  many capitalistic entrepreneurs sprung from clergymen’s families. A good example worth mentioning is Cecil Rhodes.            Protestant churches were open to voluntary membership. This is a characteristic feature ioif a capitalist system, in whose advocates argue for freedom of choice and minimum government intervention, if it must intervene. This is different from the state sponsored European churches in Europe where Max lived. Any member could therefore be trusted in business, irrespective of the sect he confesses. However, misbehavior could cause excommunication.            In America, Weber also noted that the members of the protestant sect used to run the sects. This is at variance with the European model where the state appoints the pastors to rub these establishments, and therefore the pastor becomes a political appointee. The congregation insisted on preaching ethics as opposed to mere ideas of religious dogma. These were considered less important by the congregation at the time. Again members of the American church could replace corrupt or inefficient pastors on such basis.            With time, the influence of the church seemed to wane away, with secular institutions gaining strengths in society. These secular organizations were keen to accept members who exhibit a clear record. The members assured the strict adherence to these principles, and not the hierarchical structure of governance. Traveling salesmen had to have a label indicating them as members of a certain organization, for the sake of building customer confidence.            As Weber argues in his book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, the protestant reformation was the origin of ethical behavior for businessmen, and has effectively promoted the growth of capitalism. References Fischoff, E. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Social Research, Vol.XI, 1944,    pp.62-68 Swatos, W. H. (ed) Time, Place, and Circumstance: Neo-Weberian Studies in Comparative       Religious History. New York: Greenwood Press. 1990 Swedberg, R. Max Weber and the Idea of Economic Sociology. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Thursday, September 5, 2019
Progress Process And Prospect Of Green Hotels Environmental Sciences Essay
Progress Process And Prospect Of Green Hotels Environmental Sciences Essay Abstract Shortage of natural resources and environmental pollutions are considered as signs of global warming and serious world climatic threat in the last few decades. Hence, environmental conservation has been increasing important to all sectors of the economy for the countries. Though there are many tourism authorities that have created the standards or certifications for environmentally sustainable hotels, very few Malaysia hotels have policies addressing the issues. This study aims to define the progress of Malaysian hotel Industry and proposing the effectiveness and prospect for Malaysian environmental hotels. Research Objective As green becomes the color of the day, the big unknown, however, is whether the rest of the industry will follow suit as well as the uncertainty demand for green hotel. Green hotel always close related to sustainability. A sustainable hotel should have as small a footprint (calculation the sum of a buildings environmental impact) as possible. However, it is nearly impossible to achieve a zero footprint in reality. Most hotels could become truly carbon neutral only by purchasing green credits or carbon-offsetting (e.g., paying a company to plant trees to counteract the hotels carbon-dioxide emissions). In fact, it requires considerable of money for a hotel moving theirs step towards green practices by conserving energy, water and solid waste management, etc. Therefore, the objectives in this study are: To investigate the main factor that influence regular hotel change into green hotel To discover the proper ways that make the regular hotel become green hotel To perceive the future of the hotel after become green Problem Statement Recently more people are embracing a green lifestyle. Since existing buildings contribute almost 80% of the carbon emissions in some cities through their energy use, a major focus of these efforts has been on sustainable construction. Hotels use a tremendous amount of energy and water as well as collect a huge amount of waste. By doing their part to conserve, recycle, and reduce, they are protecting the planet as well as providing a great place for eco-friendly guests to stay. The purpose of this research is to examine the current state of green hotel industry. Further this study also makes the hospitality industry taking an initiative or implement for the sake of the environment. The industry is aware of these concerns, and has been investigating environmentally-friendly alternatives that would still prove consistent with guest concerns for at least the last 15 years. Theoretical Framework Green hotel is created to decrease the amount of waste entering landfills and increase the amount of waste that can be recycled. Hospitality industry must change their strategy into green movement also they have to searching practical environmental that lead to a better world.  The hotel industry could benefit economically from the green movement, first by attracting guests who wish to adopt a greener lifestyle, as well as saving money through cost-saving energy practices and equipment adjustments. Being green means Green hotels are adopting environmentally friendly practices and programs that will reduce energy management (Amy 2009), water conservation (JeongDoo), and waste management (Evans, 2008). H4 H5 H3 H2 H1 Figure 1 : Conceptual framework of the main practices of being a green hotel Hypothesis 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Introduction Green Hotels are environmentally-friendly properties whose managers are eager to institute programs that save water, save energy and reduce solid waste while saving money to help protect our one and only earth. Recently more hotels are embracing a green lifestyle. Being green means guests, staff and management are healthier. Since existing buildings contribute almost 80% of the carbon emissions in some cities through their energy use, a major focus of these efforts has been on sustainable construction. Many hotels are responding to consumer demands for a healthier and greener lifestyle by making their business more environmentally friendly. Not only consumer demand, financial incentives also like to encourage the hospitality industry to continue developing more environmentally friendly hotel. Being green means hotel are adopting environmentally friendly practices and programs that will reduce energy, water and waste (Amy, 2009). Green efforts can be as basic as water conservation measures (such as encouraging the re-use of guest linens), housekeepers employing environmentally safe cleaning products or Eco-sensitive spa and bath amenities to grander initiatives such as all-green construction (Kathy, 2007). Among the more pronounced Eco efforts are recently built hotels that weave the use of ecologically sound construction materials and ideas into their very conception. Expect further greening of hotels as consumer demand increases. According to a survey conducted by the Travel Industry Association and Partnership, most adults say they would be more likely to select an hotel that uses more environmentally friendly products and processes, because environmentally friendly product make them become more healthier. Besides providing a positive effect, green hotel also give some problems. Hotel must pay more to get friendly product, also they have to looking for a new place to develop their green hotel. It means that they must cutting down a forest to build their green hotel. And that makes our environment become more diminish. Literature Review The Origin of Green Practices The hotel industry, like many other did not entertain the concept of saving energy for many years, as oil prices were at an all time low in the 1980s and the early part 1990s (Hirschland, Oppenheim and Webb, 2008). The chemical and oil industries were the first to come under investigation by environmentalist due to the visible nature of their environmental impact. The hospitality an industry took a long time to come under scrutiny and as a result was slow to take responsibility in reducing the impact of their business were having on the environment. The concept of green or friendly hotel has become a very serious and profound topic within the hospitality arena in the past decade. Bowman (1975, p.74) states that a series of widely publicized environmental catastrophes signaled the globalization of environmental concern and that society has entered the last stage of a process that has taken humans from fearing, to understanding, to using, to abusing, and now to worrying about the physi cal and biological world around them Hospitality providers are now been forced to take responsibility for the impact their services are having on the environment. In 1996, Agenda 21 for the travel and tourism industry made hospitality providers aware of the need to enhance sustainability development. There is evidence in todays literature to suggest the implementation of environmental practices is widespread across the hospitality industry as the benefit are infinite, the most important being financial sustainability. Pizman (2009) believes that many hospitality organizations are not interested in environmental sustainability for altruistic or ethical reasons, but are purely investing in environmental practices for selfish profitable reasons. Houdre (2006), Brown (2006) and Stark (2009) have made it clear that the prime reason for implementing environmental practices is geared towards profitability. Cotton (2007) believes that the purpose of running any business is to make a profit and so it is alarming the number of hospitality organizations that are not adopting green practices in order to drive long term profitability. This suggests that there are barriers and obstacles with regard to the implementation of environmental practices in the hospitality industry. Green Hotels in Malaysia Over the past decade many organization, both in the private and the public sectors have recognized the value of a systematic approach to the management of their organization (Abdallah, 2007). Superficially, it might be argued that environmental management is not important issue in the Malaysian hotel industry. Comparing with the other environmentally developed hotel industry from other countries, Malaysia hotel industry appears lacking in the awareness for environmentally policy (Azusa, 2009). There is a realization among many hotels that environmental management does not solely mean preventing their surroundings from being polluted. Daily operational activities and consideration, which range from the use of recycled papers to minimizing the use of heavy chemicals also provide a significant cost saving measure for hotels (Hong and Parker, 2004). Therefore, it is not true to state that investment in environmental management practices will result in the escalation of operational costs and erosion of profit margins (Foster, Sampson and Dunn, 2000) According to the star.com.my five hotels in Malaysia have been chosen as the new recipients of the ASEAN Green Hotel Award 2010, bringing the total number of such hotel in the country to 10.the five hotels are The Andaman Langkawi in Sedah, Shangri-LAs Tanjung Aru Resort Spa in Kota Kinabalu. Mines Wellnes Hotel in Selangor, Shangri-Las Rasa Ria Resort in Tuaran and Renaissance Kuala Lumpur Hotel. The ASEAN Green Hotel Award 2008 recipients which managed to retain their status were Hotel Melia Kuala Lumpur, Nexus Resort Karambunai in Sabah, Shangri-Las Rasa Sayang Resort Spa in Penang, Shangri-las Hotel Kuala Lumpur and The Frangipani Langkawi Resort Spa. The ASEAN Green Hotel Standard is an essential tool to support ASEAN as a world class quality destination. Zero Waste Approach Going Beyond Best Practices This report discusses several topics that illustrate ways hotel are becoming greener. Although implementing the best practices saves money, this report shows how to go beyond best practices. The goal being a friendly hotel is to eliminate as much as possible the negative impacts on the environment both by reducing consumption of resources and by changing the practices so that the waste hotel produce can be used as raw material. Achieving zero waste may or may not possible in the foreseeable future. What matters is working towards zero waste by continuing to implement programs as new opportunities to use previously wasted materials become available. Nowadays a few leading hotels are striving to become zero waste brands, which does not necessarily mean the elimination of all by-product. It means using resources efficiently, using renewable resources and when generation of by-products is unavoidable, using those by-product as raw material for other processes. Besides implementing zero w aste, energy conservation and water conservation also important to practices the green hotel. The cost savings and environmental benefits of the zero waste initiative more important and it takes to launch such a program. The process of reaching zero waste takes several months to complete with most organizations seeing viable results after the first year (Thayne, 2010). The zero waste process must involve every member of the hotel, with a core team or steering committee overseeing the initiative. To achieve zero waste hotels must identify how much waste exists in the organization past to the initiative and work together with the each member of the department to determine the amount of waste created in each category. A few leading hotels today are determined to become zero waste brand, which does not necessarily mean the elimination of all by products. It means that using resources efficiently, using renewable resources and when generation of by product is unavoidable, using those by products as raw material for other processes (Abhinav and Rajeshwari, 2001). Environmental Management Practices (EMP) Over the past decade many organization, both in the private and the public sectors, have recognized the value of a systematic approach to the management of their organizations. Apparently, it might be argued that environmental management is not an important issue in the Malaysian hotel industry. After all, certain groups might argue that it is impossible for the hotels to be environmentally aware due to high investment cost involved. However, upon deeper examination of the subject might reveal that hotels in Malaysia cannot avoid confronting this issue for long if they are to remain competitive (Ahmad, 2007). There is a realization among many hotels that environmental management does not only mean preventing their surroundings from being polluted. Daily operational activities and consideration, which range from the use of recycled papers to minimizing the use of heavy chemicals also provide a significant cost saving measure for hotel (Hong Parker, 2004). Environmental management is a management framework for reducing environmental impacts and improving hotel performance overtime. In other words, environmental management provide hotel of all types with a structures approach for managing environmental and regulatory responsibilities to improve overall environmental performance (Vandermerwe Oliff, 1990). Environmental management practice initiatives consist of several practices such as having an environmental policy, training and rewarding workers to find opportunities to prevent pollution, setting corporation wide internal standards, undertaking internal environmental audits and adopting the philosophy of total quality management in environmental management (Khanna Anton, 2002). In general, environmental management practice would include the extent to which a company has defined its environmental policy, developed procedures to establish environmental objectives, to select and implemented environmental practices assessed the outcomes of such practices and has allocated environmental responsibilities (Klassen Whybark, 1996). Such an pressure in the hotel industry would mean that environmental management should be studied from all technical and organizational angles so as to reduce the environmental impact caused by a hotel business operations. The benefit of adopting Environmental Management Practices is multifarious. For instance, of the streamlining of a hotels operational activities to be consonant with environmental needs will accrue savings (Rondinelli Vastag, 1995) through the prevention of environmental degradation in turn leading to reduced cost of production and higher profit (Pava Krausz, 1997; Russo, Fouts Paul, 1997; Waddoek Graves, 1997). Ultimately, the implementation of Environmental Management Practices may provide hotels with unique environmental resources operation, capabilities and benefits that may confer a competitive advantage to practitioners (Hart, 1995; Klassen Whybark, 1999). Such benefit may obtain from image benefit, embracing of eco-tourism and cost saving (Aalders, 2002 ; Holland Foo, 2003; Kollman, 2001; Prakash, 2002). Energy Efficiency Hotels are the largest consumers of energy not only in building construction but also as establishment with complex installations, which provide guests with high level of multi-faceted comfort and exclusive amenities, treatment and facilities. Many of the services provided to hotel guests are highly resource intensive whether it concerns energy, water or raw materials. A significant amount of the energy used is wasted leaving sample for intelligent measures of energy efficiency and conservation (Joseph, 2009). Since the installation of energy, water and raw material saving techniques in hotels can achieve environmental progress and offer competitive advantages to hotels in outperforming their counterparts, many new energy saving facilities have been introduced by the hotel sector in the past few years following technological advances (Willy, 2009). The increase in energy price means that energy conservation efforts should be taken to reduce the effect of energy cost (Weng Wai, Buang and Abdul Hakim, p.58, 2006). As stated by Yukata Mizuta (2003), energy conservation may not only bring reductions in carbon dioxide emission, but may also lead to saving in the expenditure on energy. On a worldwide basis, the energy used in the hotels is predominantly fossil fuel based or comes from nuclear reactors (Philip, 2009). A truly sustainable hotel must not only consider ways to use energy wisely but should also consider the possibilities of enhancing the use of energy from renewable resources. About 40% of the energy used in a hotel is electricity, 60% comes from natural gas and oils fuels (Niki, 2008). These energy bearers are brought in by the hotel. The energy is converted by a number of conversion into the most important internal flows of energy namely heat, cold and lighting. Heat is used in the form of hot water; hot water is used i n the form of hot tap water. Cold is used mainly for cooling and drying the ventilation air, mostly cold is produced in the form of ice water. Figure 1. Energy consumption that use in the hotel Lighting is one of the largest electrical energy consumers in the hotels, as in many other kinds of utility buildings. Figure 1 shows that some 35% of the total energy consumption in hotel goes to lighting. Lighting installation must provide adequate levels of lighting for each activity. Bright and comfort level are also important for lighting inside the hotels, depending on the area where lighting are required. Lighting levels necessary for each zone are established in the lighting regulations of each particular country. These levels should be reached by the most suitable lamps for each application. When it comes to the energy savings that can be made on lighting, there are two main ways. Efficient lighting Required lighting is supplied by light resources, which are made up of lamp and luminaries. The choice of light source depends on various criteria, e.g.: efficiency color temperature, color representation index, lamp life, emission modeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc. Lighting in the different areas of the hotels have different requirement, but it is very important that the most efficient lamp is chosen for each application. Smart switching Another savings can be achieved with smart switching of lighting. Lighting is frequently switched on unnecessarily when there is sufficient daylight or there is nobody in the room. With manual operated system especially, light tend to be left burning needlessly. Water Conservation Water conservation encourage hotel to manage how and when water is being used, handle both the technical and human side of water management issues. It is estimated that by 2010, water use increase to approximately 475 gallons per day for each hotel room (Sarah, 2002).however in other accommodations, water uses still a cost and an important stress on the local environment. In many cases water conservation can be a matter of purchasing and using the proper systems. Factors that consider water sources may include renewability, potential impact on the environment and water supplies as well as economic benefit. Some of developing countries, hotel water use may impact the water supplies of the local people. Any water use reduction program must have full support of the each member of the hotel. Some hotel estimated that only small percentage of water consumed by the guest, the remainder is used by the chambermaids during cleaning. Water is crucial resources for the hospitality industry as i t limited resource and needed for number activities as illustrated in figure 2. Figure 2. Hotel water system and use Identifying where water use is extreme important to hotel in developing areas. With increasing awareness of cost saving opportunities through water conservation, various related programs have been developed and implemented among hotel companies. According to Marriott International (2007) linen reuse program, encouraging guests to reuse lines and towels during they stay contributes to saving 11 to 17% on hot water. Previous literature also reported that linen and towel reuse programs are well-established practices in hotel in most countries, with more than two-thirds of the respondents in studies conducted in different countries using such program (Bohdanowicz, 2006; Erdogan and Baris 2007; Mensah, 2006). This program saves not only hot water and energy, but also reduces the use of detergents and thereby reduces wastewater. Waste Management Hospitality industry can become important factor in the minimization of waste that is currently disposed of at landfill sites. Waste management has been designed and implemented to reduce the volume and toxicity of garbage (Iwanowski and Rushmore, 1994). Erdogan and Barish (2007) conducted a study to examine environmental practices and found that paper and food waste are the greatest amount of waste generated sources of hotels. Previous research indicates that the level of hotels commitment to waste sorting and recycling varies, depending on regulatory pressures and local governments support. Waste minimization and management involves reduce, reuse and recycling. These efforts combine to minimize the amount of waste disposed and the cost of disposal and help to ensure that final disposal is done in an approved and sustainable manner. Minimizing waste generation begins in purchasing function. Purchasing in bulk, using product manufactured from recycled materials, controlling the usage of product to avoid waste and working with supplier to minimize product packaging are all proven ways to minimize waste generation (David, 2002) Reuse as a means of waste reduction has been practiced in the hospitality industry for many years; beverage container such as those holding syrup concentrate and beer kegs are typical. Reuse does not have to happen on the property itself; used linens can be donated to shelters or other charitable organizations for reuse (Willy, 2009). Reusing materials is better choice than recycling, burning or landfill. Reusing different from recycling, recycling breaks down an item into the basic parts and makes a new product out of it, but reusing an items keeps the material in its original form and uses the item over and over again for the same or different purpose. Recycling as a means of conservation can be turned into revenue steam. The price paid for recycled materials varies geographically and over time (Philip, 2009). A recycled product describes a product that is made entirely or partly from secondary material recovered from consumer waste. Some product are reduced to their raw state and remanufactured into something resembling their original state. In the case of recycled paper, the newspaper gathered from guest bedrooms and the used notepaper coming from the hotel copy shop are reduced back to their raw state of paper pulp which is then used to produce more paper. Unfortunately, many products recycled in this manner come back as lesser quality product (David, 2002). Reduce as a means lessening the amount items or resources that are consumed using the amount that is needed. The example of the reduce task that hotel can do is; reduce the amount and toxicity of trash that hotel discard, possibilities include purchasing durable, long lasting goods, seeking product and packaging that are as toxin free as possible and redesigning products to use fewer raw materials in production, last longer or can be used again after their original purpose. Hotel activities should be able to be safely assimilated into natural system, thus highlighting the need of solid and liquid management techniques Figure 3. Wastage that generated by hotel Solid waste in hotels has many components, including paper, food, various metals, plastics, aluminum and glass. This gives a picture of the variety of waste that can be produces by only a small number of hotels in a city. When looked at with a zero-waste attitude, these figures show the opportunities for both resource recovery and waste reduction. Implementing a solid waste reduction program in a hotel can create significant cost savings in waste hauling fees while creating a more environmentally friendly hotel (Sarah, 2002). This is especially true as solid waste becomes a more significant environmental issue and landfill fees increase. Often hotels hesitate to establish program in solid management because of the coordination and cooperation needed among management, employees and guests. However the cost benefit is an incentive. Implementing Green Initiatives While many companies and individuals talk about ways they can help the environment, it is still only a few that are actually creating a plan of action. Meeting Professionals International or MPI took its first step in 2006 at the Professional Education Conference, a convention of meeting planners from around the world. MPI worked with the convention center to recycle products from the meeting by donating leftover food bank, donating signs to local schools for art projects and using green catering for conference events (Gardner, 2006). These are simple ways to add a green initiative to the hotel and incorporate a no waste practice at little cost. One way meeting planners can learn what a hotel provides in term of green practice is by placing green request into the request for proposal. Some planners are asking for recycling programs to be in place. Planners are also requesting that hotels have complete green programs in place or their hotel will not be chosen for an event (Gardner, 2006) Banquet Department According to Nancy Wilson of Meeting Strategies Worldwide, these are some steps that can be taken to green the hotel: Use e-mail instead of paper mail Use an online registration system Forgo handing out conference bags unless they are made of recycled materials A really interesting thought is to choose hotels either near the airport or close to all activities relating to the meeting (Gardner, 2006). This will limit carbon dioxide emissions by limiting the need for vehicular transportation from one location to the next. As for food service, the banquet department should update how food and coffee breaks are presented to the guest. Instead of individually wrapped sweets, honey, jams and creams, the hotel needs to switch to bulk containers that can be reused many times, creating less trash (McPhee, 2006). In addition, instead of throwaway utensils, silverware should be supplied to stir coffee and tea. Refillable water jugs that can be set up sporadically throughout the meeting space with real glasses available should be used in place of bottled water. Changing the lighting to energy efficient bulbs in the meeting space, fitness center and employee only areas of the hotel will be high priority. Groups have specific lighting needs for the meeting space, but the fitness center and back of house do not need to have many different types of lighting. Fortunately, there are many new efficient bulbs that can now be dimmed and adjusted to the groups needs in the event space (Fedrizzi and Rogers, 2002). The more intense project will be installing motion sensors throughout the meeting space and back of house. These areas are used for a large amount of time each day, but there are times when no one would be in the areas at all. If the sensors could turn the light on and off when someone walks in or out of a room by detecting body heat, then the energy would be reduce in comparison to when the lights are left on continuously (Serlen, 2008). Guest Room The guest room is a difficult location to implement changes, as it requires the guest to believe what the hotel would like to change. If the guest wants new sheets each day, then the hotel most likely will oblige the guest to make them happy. That being said, many initiatives can be taken to make it easy for the guest to participate in the new policies. Another aspect is how to save energy in empty guest rooms. According to Jeff Sobieski (2008), hotel guestrooms are unoccupied approximately 60% of the time. This mean that for 60% of the time, the hotel can be in control of the temperature and lighting of a guestroom and manage how much energy is being used during that time without interfering with the guests comfort. The following are two examples of energy saving scenarios that can take place in guest rooms. The first is to change light bulbs to energy efficient light bulbs that will last long and use less power. The other change is the turn off program. This program will have the Thermostat linked to the hotel database so the temperature can change when the guest check in and out. This system can also reset itself anytime the guest leaves the room (Freed, 2008). Also, if the room has a balcony, anytime the balcony door opens, the temperature will reset itself. Ran in conjunction with the second scenario, the turn off program, hotels can use in-room occupancy detectors. These detectors use body heat sensors to scan the room to check is a guest has entered or exited the room. Once it detects that someone is in the room, the system will return the temperature of the room back to the guests preference. The sensors can also be used as a way to keep the lights from being left on all day and night. If there is no movement in a present amount of time, the sensors can report database that it is OK to turn off the lights. While this will save energy, some guest prefers to walk into a room with light. This can be fixed by having a hall light turn on when the front door opens so the guest is not entering a dark room. This can be managed by a sensor or by a connection between the door and the light (Hanna, 2008). Restaurant The areas of restaurant and kitchens that are not seen by guests can save energy through a study of how the appliances are used and comparing that to how they are supposed to be used. The main way to save energy in the kitchens is to teach the staff the proper way to use the equipment (Jones, 2002). For example teach the staff to close the refrigerator door when not in use. In addition, keeping the equipment cleaned and maintained will make sure that the equipment is running at its best level; this will help ensure the lowest amount of energy would be used (Lawn, 2008) The idea of replacing the appliances in the laundry area also can be applied to hotel kitchens. For example, a new energy star steam cooker can be 60% more efficient than the regular models available (Brodsky, 2005). This type of savings can be applied to all the appliances. Housekeeping or Laundry The energy saving in the laundry area will require some installing of new appliances and systems. While there will be an initial cost associated with the new appliances, it will save energy in the long run. The first change will be to install new gas dryers that can dry fabric more quickly and use less energy. The other new system is a heat recovery unit that can save the heat from the old water cycle in the laundry and transfer the heat to the clean water being used in the next cycle (Fedrizzi and Rogers, 2002). Both of these options are creating new ways to conserve energy, but not changing the actual process of doing laundry. The hotels housekeeping staff would be responsible for watching for leaks throughout all guest rooms and hotel space. According to Ashwin Patel (2008), a single leak can waste 10,000 liters annually; all sinks, showers and toilets need to be checked for leaks. These are initial step and easy fixes that can be taken while waiting for larger initiatives to take place. Expectation from Green Hotel For many
Wednesday, September 4, 2019
The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Bureaucratic Organisations Information Technology Essay
The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Bureaucratic Organisations Information Technology Essay Background to change (P1) Change is the alteration of an organizations environment structure technology, or people with regards to the global market. Moreover change is a reality for any organization. Thus change can be considered as an engine or powerful force which controls the economy of the country. Moreover it is like a new project building contractor or the rehabilitation maker or modifier of old projects and this change acts as the lifeblood of any successful business. The power of change is considered as most pervasive and subtle due to its effect on the business. jobs and other daily life processes. While it is easily taken into account in the world of physical changes like construction etc, we often fail to justify other concurrent effects of changes in the business, industry or even in our daily lives. So if we fail to adjust or recognise these forces of these changes these can lead towards productivity, lower efficiency and profitability and ineffectiveness which are pers onal. The intension of this section is to put few concepts about handling this change process. So in the business environmental aspects organizations undergo changes more frequently that ever before. These changes are a result of the factors that effect the quality and dimension of the performance of the company .Merging, acquisition, application of new technologies are a few parameters which can lead to the growing need of uncertainty in an organization. thus change is taken as the important step towards the decision of the top level of the management of organization and also the most ongoing, frequent process in an successful organization. Again less involvement of change process can effect the development of the organization. Thus change process actually boost the organization to regularize its balance within its workplace with the help of analyzing and studying the reaction of the workforce to find out their reaction and use method to handle them in future. The main reacting for ces that make the ground for change come from various sources. In present years the market place has affected firms. Technology also creates the need for changes. In this present century the global world of internet, e-commerce have brought in various changes in the mode of the communication and also the selling of the products. The so called Managers are fond of saying that change is the only constant in their work. We can derive that either we manage change or we are managed by change. Managing change is thus defined as the planning and organizing of sequence of activities (staff meetings, informal conferences, memos, retreats, etc.), that promote administrative and staff interaction which move towards desirable changes in policies, programs, organizational culture, physical environment, procedures, or relationships. These changes in companies often lead to more cost-effective operations, efficient, better morale or improved services. In the case of In the case of Tech Mahindra we can see the changes in the current organizational policies. Tech Mahindra is a business transformation, global systems integrator and consulting firm focused on the telecommunication industry. With the merging technology of media and telecom, the changing portfolio of the telecom industry is becoming extremely competitive area. As companies rapidly strive to gain a competitive advantage, Tech Mahindra helps companies innovate and transform by leveraging its unique insights, differentiated services and flexible partnering models. This has helped customers to reduce operating costs and generate new revenue streams. Recognizing that margins from connectivity are rapidly falling and that future growth in revenues and margins will only come from new applications, content and services, operators today are busy addressing business opportunities revolving around Commerce, Content, Convergence and Customer Experience to gain a sustainable Competi tive Advantage- tech mahindra. Strengths and weaknesses of bureaucratic organisations (P2) In the case of any Bureaucratic organization the lack of its innovative power is the main disadvantage. Here most of the processes and tasks are so much fixed that there is no time so innovation process is almost eliminated in bureaucratic organizations. Employees get demoralized as a result of lesser employee participation and involving in any process transformation. Human resource is not utilized in the fullest manner by optimizing creativity which is the prime disadvantage in bureaucratic structure of the organizations. Again Advantages include the increased control and monitoring of upper level management. It is the fact that the success of the organizations depends upon the wise decisions of top management. So if the top management is good, then results can be favourable and if the top management is not good then it can result in disaster. We can be argue on the fact that bureaucracies do fail on many forms as they embrace revolutionary ideologies, they fail even to provide t heir original service, they monopolize discursive space, they waste resources , they often act as though they are above the law, they distrust the democratic impulse, they eventually subvert the societys values in which they operate. We can still say that the main advantage of a bureaucracy is that its clear, unequivocal level of deterioration alerts intelligent observers to the clear fact that a structural weakness has emerged in society. Forms of organisational development (P3) As in the case of Tech Mahindra we see a wide change in the new technological applications in the Information technology department and the required system which helps in the advanced floe of data and communication of the company which is a most interesting fact in the company. The use of Information technology will concentrate on the knowledge and growth of the employees with respect to the systems and information technology. This fact will look after the utilization of the IT related hardware and software implementations of new innovation with respect to the IT systems and computers. These changes will follow by the detailed training of the associated employees in the use of modern technologies and IT systems which will enhance their productivity and make them familiar with the functions and their job role. Introduction of these new technologies will focus on the recruitment of new employees with experience of these modern technologies who will be a better asset for the company. As there is no wrong or right thing with regard to reaction towards the change process but there are things which must be undertaken to coordinate the employees to help them to familiarise with this process and make themselves interested in much positive ways? So managers have to understand the feelings of their staffs and allow them to express opinions and their related difficulties in the change process. hence the managers can explain about the necessity for these changes and give them the idea of what is necessary for them. Managers are in a continuous process of making changes to gain success within the organization but its not the case in every situations where some managers struggle to achieve this success of change management. This is the most common difference in the characters of the people who shuffle around from companies to companies for the sake of job satisfactions and at last gets entangled in a role which is not expected by him and get frustrated out of it and turns to be most inefficient for the position. Although there are many nodes and programs about this change management but unlikely these knowledge can only be critically analysed when put into practice with priorities toward the change undertaken successfully inside the organization. Systems developed for stakeholders in the introduction of change (P4) The process of evaluating the change process and its implementation is an important job for the managers. Mostly manager believe that communicating with the staffs and stakeholder is enough for their job. However their can be many reasons for employees not becoming aware of the fact of changes at the first go. The actual fact is this information should be repeated continuously before it is cemented in their minds. This is mostly as a result of the employees readiness to react towards these facts depends on some factors. Efficient communicators judge these facts what and when a message is delivered. The foremost step toward managing change is creating awareness for the need of these changes and also creating a desire among the stakeholders. Communication with them will be typically constructed keeping in mind to develop business reasons for these changes and the risk associated with not changing. Similarly in each of the steps the level of interaction with the stakeholders should be d esigned to share the right message at the right time. Thus communication planning begins with the analysis of the audience, key facts, and the timing of those messages. Thus the change management team have to construct a communication plan that is focussed on the need of all levels of the organizations like front-line employees, supervisors and executives. Each stakeholder has particular necessities for information based on their role in implementation of these change. Here training in the milestone for the knowledge development related to the change process. So the Team members of the change management have to develop training requirement based on his knowledge, skills and behaviours necessary to implement these changes. These training will be the point of start for the project team towards training program development. There may be lots of approach to guide these changes out of which some are planned and explicit, while others may be unfolding, organic or implicit. Some of the pol icies work from future to the present. These involve forecasting and making plan for achieving these goals. On the other hand there are approaches from present to future like the identification of the current priorities involved and then address those priorities. Lots of people have different opinions and approach towards conducting these changes. In order to justify the changes in the organization and properly and start guiding it in the right direction in order to achieve success the change team should have a wider understanding of the systems, organizational structure and the effort related to this process. These also include the knowledge of the basic terms and the focus of the organization. This also requires the concept of the structure of the company and having knowledge about leadership and management of the organization. From the past we have learnt the use of different tools which is effective in the change management, which helps the managers to successfully understand an d communicate about the organizations. Tools from systems theory and systems thinking especially are a major benefit. Analysing and evaluating these change systems (P5) The more interacting the change agent is working with the stakeholders of the organization, the more successful will be his effort to this change process. For the betterment of the projects it is necessary for the client to be more participative as he might not have the resources towards these participations. Whether there is a internal or any external changes coming into effect the change manager for this project along with all his stakeholders will maximise the priority for this change process and react to it accordingly. It may be a problem within the company or an exciting feature of success. together they will all gather the information , identify the findings, analyse it and derive conclusions from the collected informations. Sometimes the data gathering method is very fast as in case of organizing a large planning meeting. These kind of the inventions are also dependent on the philosophy of the stakeholders and the change managers. As in the case of philosophy of appreciative inquiry the subscribers have the authority to conduct inventions, not only by finding the cause and number of problems in the company but also by organizing interviews to find the focus and necessity of the employees in the organization. Moreover people minimise the necessity of this discovery phase and go for the change management by putting on a comprehensive and ambitious focus for the required change. Many would argue for the fact that this is unethical to organize a project for change management without having the knowledge of the companys current situation. Moreover Focusing most of the change efforts on achieving a robust vision, without at least using some careful discovery, often can be harmful to the organization because the project can end up dealing with symptoms of any current issues, rather than the main causes. Again projects can finish up by putting forward a wonderful vision with the help of motivating others. So when working to facilitate any major changes in an or ganization that already had the history of many issues its always necessary to begin from conducting discoveries importance for these change process. Models for change (P6) Thus the change management is a ongoing process is ongoing process with is concerned with various conditions which impact on the change process. Change is required for the necessity of ongoing experience and learning. In every case there is always something gained that can be put into use in case of future problems. During this process the company interacts with different types of stakeholder with different levels of knowledge and understanding. Managers are aware that its not so easy with coping up with peoples who does not have correct information about these changes. The employees relationship also eventually reflects as this process takes place. The associated fear and reasons for refusal to these changes are also understood. These facts helps the managers to effectively apply the analysis on other stakeholder who may suffer from similar problems in the future. This experience also helps the managers to improve any of his social skill that will be of help in the future. Creation of various plan of action is delighting experience for the managers as they become more systematic towards their planning activities. Moreover some plans are very systematic and comprehensive .while others deal with the expectations of integrating with each other. Thus a manager has to identify the various organizational gaps within the change management process and deliver efficient learning to its employees by Diagnosing employees resistance to change management. Help in employees transition through the change process. Create a successful action plan for personal and professional advancement during change. Develop a change management plan for your employees. Now we will look into the ADKAR model for individual change management which was developed by Prosci. This model describes five required building blocks for change to be realized successfully on an individual level. The building blocks of the ADKAR Model include: Awareness of why the change is needed Desire to support and participate in the change Knowledge of how to change Ability to implement new skills and behaviours Reinforcement to sustain the change While John Kotter has set out an eight-step strategy for change management: Establish a sense of urgency. Create the guiding coalition. Develop a vision and strategy. Communicate the change vision. Empower employees for broad-based action. Generate short-term wins. 7. Consolidate gains and produce more change. 8. Anchor new approaches in the culture. But these are only a model not reality of change and the psychological impacts on a given individual. The change management model provides a vehicle for use to engage a conversation. As humans learn habits, these habits are formed with the repetition of the same task. Habits are developed to help in coping with the wide range of the available data which are gathered on a daily basis. Any change management process has to take this into account. In order to cope with this variety of process we develop habits which may be in the form of routine like our daily schedule at the start of the day. It is also applicable in the way we communicate with people. But when this organized structure gets changed it has a huge impact in our like style. It is not the case that the chair is placed in different direction or the flooring has a problem but the main issue is the break in the pattern which is imposed on the people. It is definitely a little thing but takes ages to resolve. As human bein g we are more prone to big changes but little things matter a lot to us. When a change process is imposed on us we feel we have little authority to decide for the change to happen and often react negatively. As companies development process we all need to help towards making this process a success. We should not force any change on the people but as a manager our role should be to encourage people to facilitate this change process. Implementation process and outcomes (P7) As the common sense suggest us that the world of technology always strive towards the changes in an organization with an age of competitive market. But we are noticing that Information Technology a powerful tool at modern age which has the capacity of developing new opportunities and options in the field which the organization does business on. The very beginning response from our innovative players was that it drives changes. All these technologies has the capability of transforming from one dimensions to the other at the work atmosphere If we take all these advantage together it behaves like a powerful tool that the organization require to be successful in this global advanced business environment. We will always find that the road ahead is difficult but if we think intensely we will realize nothing is impossible as few years ago the modern medical informatics were a dream to us but now is a part of our daily life as we are so much used to it. Our challenges will always be implemen ted according to our concepts and systems and they will run smoothly as possible, without wasting our available precious opportunities and resources because we ignored the pitfall of managing change.
Tuesday, September 3, 2019
Comparitive Analyis: Jefferson versus Hamilton Essay -- Politics Alexa
Though both Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson served as members of President Washington’s cabinet, the two held very different views on the newly founded U.S. government, interpretation of its constitution, and the role of the â€Å"masses†in that government. These conflicting views would develop in two political parties, the Federalists led by Hamilton and the Democratic-Republicans led by Jefferson. Although both political parties presented enticing aspects, Hamilton’s views were much more reasonable and fruitful when compared Jefferson’s views; idealistic and too strict in reference to the constitution. Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, strongly opposed America becoming a land of cities, mines, mills, factories, and other industrial plantations. To support their ideas for a country of farmers, they adopted the theory of strict constructionism. This theory put forth the thought that the government did not have the power to do anything, unless it was expressly given the consent by the Constitution. Federalists, on the other hand, promoted the growth of industry in America. This party, lead by Alexander Hamilton, used the idea of broad constructionism. It said that unless the Constitution said it could not be done, it was fine to go ahead and do it. They often referred to the Necessary and Proper Clause, also known as the Elastic Clause; this stated that the government had the power to pass any law deemed â€Å"necessary and proper.†These two ideas...
memo for motion against summary judgment :: essays research papers
I.     Introduction and Standard for Opposition to Summary Judgment      Crowell Academy, Inc. and Arturo Gomez, (hereinafter, collectively â€Å"Crowell†) were grossly negligent and used willful misconduct in their responsibilities involving the fencing club. The bargaining power of Crowell was so grossly unequal so as to put Lajuana Barnett at the mercy of Crowell’s negligence. Lastly, the exculpatory clause contained in the release form (see release form) is void as against public policy. Consequently, under Maryland law, it is up to the trier of fact to determine if the exculpatory clause is unenforceable. As such, there is a dispute as to the genuine issue of material fact related to Crowell’s Answer, Crowell can be liable to Lajauna Barnett for negligence, and Crowell is not entitled to Summary Judgment as a matter of law.      Summary Judgment should be granted only upon a showing that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact. Fireman’s Fund Ins. Co. v. Rairigh, 59 Md. App. 305, 313, cert. denied, 301 Md. 176 (1984). If there is a conflict between the inferences which may be drawn from the evidence before the court, summary judgment is not proper. Boucher v. Riner, 68 Md. App. 539, 543 (1986) (quoting Coffey v. Derby Steel Co., 291 Md. 241, 246-247 (1981)). Unless the facts are so clear as to permit a conclusion as a matter of law, it is for the trier of fact to determine whether a defendant’s negligent conduct amounts to gross negligence. Jacob v. Davis, 128 Md.App. 433, 465 (1999) (quoting Artis v. Cyphers, 100 Md.App. 633, 652 (1994)). Generally, exculpatory agreements otherwise valid are not construed to cover the more extreme forms of negligence-wilful, wanton, reckless, or gross. Winterstein v. Wilcom, 16 Md.App. 130, 136 (1972). II.      Statement of Undisputed Material Facts 1.     Defendant Arturo Gomez is the fencing coach at Crowell and at all times relevant to this matter acted as Crowell’s servant. 2.     Crowell provides weapons and electronic scoring devices for club members; club members provide their own protective equipment, including mask, glove, jacket, and plastron. 3.     In the fencing Club meeting prior to October 16, 2001, Gomez instructed team members in footwork preparatory to allowing them to handle weapons 4.     In the October 16, 2001 club meeting, Gomez instructed club members to don their protective equipment for their initial experience with using their weapons. 5.     Plaintiff’s nerve was severed under her left arm when an epee sliced through plaintiff’s jacket. 6.     Plaintiff had put the plastron on her right arm.
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